Guru - Wikipedia. Guru (Sanskrit: . IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a . The Malayalam term Acharyan or Asan are derived from the Sanskrit word Acharya. As a noun the word means the imparter of knowledge (j.
As an adjective, it means 'heavy,' or 'weighty,' in the sense of . All three derive from the Proto- Indo- Europeanroot*g.
He describes this as a folk etymology. The hymn 4. 5. 6 of Rigveda, for example, states Joel Mlecko, describes the guru as, . Chandogya Upanishad, in chapter 4.
Self- knowledge. The text describes the need, role and characteristics of a teacher. This includes the student's past and present knowledge, want of previous knowledge of what constitutes subjects of discrimination and rules of reasoning, behavior such as unrestrained conduct and speech, courting popularity, vanity of his parentage, ethical flaws that are means contrary to those causes.
The teacher must enjoin means in the student that are enjoined by the . The teacher possesses tranquility, self- control, compassion and a desire to help others, who is versed in the . He is never a transgressor of the rules of conduct, devoid of weaknesses such as ostentation, pride, deceit, cunning, jugglery, jealousy, falsehood, egotism and attachment. The teacher's sole aim is to help others and a desire to impart the knowledge.— Adi Shankara, Upadesha Sahasri 1. A person would begin a life of study in the Gurukula (the household of the Guru).
The process of acceptance included proffering firewood and sometimes a gift to the guru, signifying that the student wants to live with, work and help the guru in maintaining the gurukul, and as an expression of a desire for education in return over several years. It is the traditional, residential form of education, where the Shishya remains and learns with his Guru as a family member. The fields of study in traditional guru- sisya parampara were diverse, ranging from Hindu philosophy, martial arts, music, dance to various Vedangas. Swami Vivekananda said that there are many incompetent gurus, and that a true guru should understand the spirit of the scriptures, have a pure character and be free from sin, and should be selfless, without desire for money and fame. But, O- Goddess, difficult to find is a guru who lights up everything like a sun. Gurus who are proficient in the Vedas, textbooks and so on are numerous.
But, O Goddess, difficult to find is a guru who is proficient in the supreme Truth. Gurus who rob their disciples of their wealth are numerous. But, O Goddess, difficult to find is a guru who removes the disciples' suffering. Numerous here on earth are those who are intent on social class, stage of life and family. But he who is devoid of all concerns is a guru difficult to find. An intelligent man should choose a guru by whom supreme Bliss is attained, and only such a guru and none other.— Kula- Arnava, 1.
Translated by Georg Feuerstein. The guru is the glorious Vajradhara, in this life only the guru is the means . Therefore, someone wishing to attain the state of Buddhahood should please the guru.— Guhyasanaya Sadhanamala 2. In Chopai Sahib, Guru Gobind Singh states about who is the Guru.
Sikhism is derived from the Sanskrit word shishya, or disciple and is all about the relationship between the teacher and a student. Traditionally, the concept of Guru is considered central in Sikhism, and its main scripture is prefixed as a Guru, called Guru Granth Sahib, the words therein called Gurbani. Gurus from many denominations traveled to Western Europe and the USA and established followings. One of the first to do so was Swami Vivekananda.
According to the American sociologist David G. Bromley this was partially due to the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1. Asian gurus entrance to the USA. Kent at the University of Alberta and Kranenborg (1. One example of such group was the Hare Krishna movement (ISKCON) founded by A. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in 1.
IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. The Tomatometer rating – based on the published opinions of hundreds of film and television critics – is a trusted measurement of movie and TV. A villager, Gurukant Desai, arrives in Bombay 1958, and rises from its streets to become the GURU, the biggest tycoon in Indian history. In Hinduism, a guru is a personal spiritual teacher. In ancient India, knowledge of the Vedas (a body of liturgical literature) was transmitted orally from guru to pupil.
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Lane proposes a checklist consisting of seven points to assess gurus in his book, Exposing Cults: When the Skeptical Mind Confronts the Mystical. Another point Lane makes is that the bigger the claim a guru makes, such as the claim to be God, the bigger the chance is that the guru is unreliable. Lane's fifth point is that self- proclaimed gurus are likely to be more unreliable than gurus with a legitimate lineage. Highlighting what he sees as the difficulty in understanding the guru from Eastern tradition in Western society, Dr.
Georg Feuerstein, a well- known German- American Indologist, writes in the article Understanding the Guru from his book The Deeper Dimension of Yoga: Theory and practice. They are not interested in acquiring and accumulating material wealth or in competing in the marketplace, or in pleasing egos. They are not even about morality. Typically, their message is of a radical nature, asking that we live consciously, inspect our motives, transcend our egoic passions, overcome our intellectual blindness, live peacefully with our fellow humans, and, finally, realize the deepest core of human nature, the Spirit.
For those wishing to devote their time and energy to the pursuit of conventional life, this kind of message is revolutionary, subversive, and profoundly disturbing. Feuerstein writes that the importation of yoga to the West has raised questions as to the appropriateness of spiritual discipleship and the legitimacy of spiritual authority.
He argues that gurus share common character traits (e. He argues that gurus who are authoritarian, paranoid, eloquent, or who interfere in the private lives of their followers are the ones who are more likely to be unreliable and dangerous. Storr also refers to Eileen Barker's checklist to recognize false gurus.
He contends that some so- called gurus claim special spiritual insights based on personal revelation, offering new ways of spiritual development and paths to salvation. Storr's criticism of gurus includes the possible risk that a guru may exploit his or her followers due to the authority that he or she may have over them, though Storr does acknowledge the existence of morally superior teachers who refrain from doing so. He holds the view that the idiosyncratic belief systems that some gurus promote were developed during a period of psychosis to make sense of their own minds and perceptions, and that these belief systems persist after the psychosis has gone. Storr applies the term . Elst asserts that this is possibly due to Storr's pro- Western, pro- Christian cultural bias. Rob Preece, a psychotherapist and a practicing Buddhist, writes in The Noble Imperfection that while the teacher/disciple relationship can be an invaluable and fruitful experience, the process of relating to spiritual teachers also has its hazards. He writes that these potential hazards are the result of naivet.
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Preece introduces the notion of transference to explain the manner in which the guru/disciple relationship develops from a more Western psychological perspective. Palmer, the word guru has acquired very negative connotations in France. Deutsch observed that this man's mostly Jewish followers interpreted the guru's pathological mood swings as expressions of different Hindu deities and interpreted his behavior as holy madness, and his cruel deeds as punishments that they had earned. After the guru dissolved the cult in 1.
Jeff's retrospective accounts to an author. He further argues that the deification of a guru is a traditional element of Eastern spirituality, but, when detached from the Eastern cultural element and copied by Westerners, the distinction between the person who is the guru and that which he symbolizes is often lost, resulting in the relationship between the guru and disciple degenerating into a boundless, uncritical personality cult. These defects include the authoritarian control of the guru over the disciple, which is in their view increased by the guru's encouragement of surrender to him. Alstad and Kramer assert that gurus are likely to be hypocrites because, in order to attract and maintain followers, gurus must present themselves as purer than and superior to ordinary people and other gurus. In this article he also quotes the book Karma Cola describing that in this book a German economist tells author Gita Mehta, . Many of my friends have become crazy in India. She describes a comment by Suranya Chakraverti who said that some Westerners do not believe in spirituality and ridicule a true guru.
Other westerners, Chakraverti said, on the other hand believe in spirituality but tend to put faith in a guru who is a swindler. The removal of the darkness of ignorance in the heart is indicated by the word . De goeroe als geestelijk raadsman Als we naar het verschijnsel goeroe in India kijken, kunnen we constateren dat er op zijn minst vier vormen van goeroeschap te onderscheiden zijn. De eerste vorm is die van de 'geestelijk raadsman'.
Voordat we dit verder uitwerken eerst iets over de etymologie. Het woord goeroe komt uit het Sanskriet, wordt geschreven als 'guru' en betekent 'zwaar zijn', 'gewichtig zijn', vooral in figuurlijk opzicht. Zo krijgt het begrip 'guru' de betekenis van 'groot', 'geweldig' of 'belangrijk', en iets verdergaand krijgt het aspecten van 'eerbiedwaardig' en 'vererenswaardig'. Al vrij snel word dit toegepast op de 'geestelijk leraar'. In allerlei populaire literatuur, ook in India zelf, wordt het woord 'guru' uiteengelegd in 'gu' en 'ru', als omschrijvingen voor licht en duister; de goeroe is dan degene die zijn leerling uit het materi. Misschien doe een goeroe dat ook inderdaad, maar het heeft niets met de betekenis van het woord te maken, het is volksetymologie.
The guru as spiritual adviser: If we look at the phenomenon of gurus in India then we can see that there are at least four forms of guruship that can be distinguished. The first form is that of the . The word guru comes from Sanskrit, is written as 'guru' and connotes philosophically 'being heavy' or 'being weighty'.
In Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism, a personal spiritual teacher. Any of the ten successive spiritual.